Lelaki Sembuh Kanser Tahap 4

Makan Sayur sembuh Kanser Tahap 4

https://www.vitdaily.com/sembuh-kanser-tahap-4-dengan-makan-sayur/

Siapa yang tidak mahu sembuh dan sihat seperti orang biasa jika anda menghidap penyakit kanser bukan? Pelbagai cara dilakukan dan ianya memerlukan semangat yang kuat untuk meneruskan rawatan hingga kanser hilang sepenuhnya lebih-lebih lagi jika anda seorang penghidap kanser tahap empat.

Seorang lelaki bernama Rob Mooberry, 43 tahun, dari Las Vegas telah berjaya sembuh daripada kanser usus tahap empat dengan memakan sayur dan buah-buahan sahaja.

Menurutnya, dia disahkan menghidap kanser usus pada tahun 2012. Dia berjaya menurunkan tahap kanser kepada tahap 3A selepas menjalani pembedahan dan kemoterapi.

Kemudian, doktor meminta dia membuat kemoterapi dan terapi radiasi dua kali dan memberitahunya bahawa dia berkemungkinan terpaksa memakai bungkusan kolostomi.

Walau bagaimanapun, Rob memulakan diet buah dan sayur sejak November 2012 dibantu oleh isterinya, Amanda yang sememangnya seorang vegetarian.

Semasa pemeriksaan imbasan dibuat pada tahun 2013, doktor mendapati saiz sel kanser Rob menurun hampir 80 peratus. Memang banyak perubahan selepas dia menukar gaya pemakanannya.

Kini, doktor mengisytiharkan dia bebas dari kanser selama lima tahun dan dia dapat menjalani kehidupan seperti biasa dengan keluarganya.

https://www.vitdaily.com/sembuh-kanser-tahap-4-dengan-makan-sayur/

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ubat darah tinggi sebabkan tulang reput

ubat darah tinggi sebabkan tulang reput

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3970919/

Long-term effects of antihypertensive medications on bone mineral density in men older than 55 years

 

 

Kamil Serkan Ağaçayak,¹ Sedat Güven,² Mahmut Koparal,¹ Nedim Güneş,¹ Yusuf Atalay,³ and Serhat Atılgan¹

Abstract

Introduction

In this study, we investigated the effects of long-term antihypertensive treatment with calcium channel blockers or beta blockers on the bone mineral density of maxilla, as determined by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Material and methods

This retrospective study was conducted on CBCT images of men older than 55 years who had received different dental indications. Data were grouped into three categories according to the antihypertensive medication history of the patients: group A included patients who had been taking beta-blocker treatment for more than 5 years, group B included patients who had been taking calcium channel blocker treatment for more than 5 years, and the control group included patients who had never used any hypertensive medications before.

Results

Statistically significant differences were observed between the beta blocker and calcium channel blocker groups.

Conclusion

In hypertension treatment, beta blockers may be preferred to calcium channel blockers in patients at high risk for osteoporosis and bone resorption.

Keywords: bone mineral density, CBCT, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers

Introduction

Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disorder defined as “a skeletal disease, characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue, with a consequent increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture.”1 In the elderly, with decreasing levels of estrogen and testosterone, bone resorption exceeds bone formation; thus, the risk of osteoporosis increases. It has been determined that every third postmenopausal woman and every fifth man older than 50 years suffers from osteoporosis.2 In contrast, about two-thirds of the adult population older than 60 years of age are diagnosed with hypertension, and more than half of all older adults receive antihypertensive medication.3 Osteoporosis and hypertension, two very common diseases among adults, have been associated with a low dairy intake, which could act as a possible pathogenic link between these two diseases.4

At this time, there are many classes of antihypertensive medication, and their effects on bone metabolism have been extensively studied before. In the clinical aspect, beta blockers have also been shown to improve bone mineral density (BMD) in some studies.5,6 Nevertheless, Solomon et al did not determine any difference in fracture risk between users and nonusers of beta blockers.7 In contrast, the effects of calcium channel blockers, another very widely used group of antihypertensive medications, on BMD are controversial. Zacharieva et al found that 8 weeks of amlodipine treatment was not associated with a marked influence on bone metabolism.8 However, hypertension is a chronic disease, and these medications are generally used throughout the life span. In that sense, 8 weeks of treatment may be too short a time to determine the effects of these medications. Rejnmark et al reported that the risk of hip fractures was reduced significantly (by 6%) in calcium channel blocker users. They also reported that nondihydropyridine drugs were associated with a larger risk reduction compared with dihydropyridine drugs.9 Nonetheless, in a recent study, Takaoka et al argue that calcium channel blocker treatment increases both vertebral and nonvertebral fracture risks in patients.10 Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a gradually prevalent technology that can generate high-resolution three-dimensional images of the head-and-neck region with a short scan time and with greatly reduced radiation exposure compared with conventional CT. CBCT has been reported to provide identical information to multislice CT, with a considerable dose reduction.11 The advantages of CBCT include a lower exposure dose, low cost, fast scanning time, and lower number of image artifacts compared with CT. CBCT has been used in BMD measurement in many recent studies.12,13 In a study by Marquezan et al, a positive correlation was established between the BMD of total bone block measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and the one measured by CBCT.14

In CT imaging, Hounsfield units (HU), which are the standardized numbers, are used to represent the relative density of body tissues according to a calibrated gray-level scale, based on values for air (−1,000 HU), water (0 HU), and bone density (+1,000 HU). HU have been assessed in the jaw region in many studies and have been reported to be a useful method of analyzing bone density.15

In this study, we aimed to investigate the differences between the effects of long-term antihypertensive treatment with calcium channel blockers and beta blockers on the BMD of maxilla by using CBCT.

Materials and methods

This study was conducted at the Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey. The ethics committee at Dicle University Faculty of Medicine approved the study (Protocol no 122). The retrospective study was conducted on CBCT images of male patients older than 55 years who had received different dental indications. In addition, it was a retrospective way to determine the control group.

Cone-beam dental volumetric tomography (I-Cat; Imaging Sciences International, Hatfield, PA, USA) was used to take images of the maxilla-facial area at a setting of 120 kVp and 3.7 mÅ. Images were obtained within 10 seconds (the actual exposure time was 9 seconds). Each scan involved a number of separate, small, individual exposures (up to 440 frames) taken over 360° with a voxel size of 0.300 mm.

The tomography data were grouped into three categories depending on the antihypertensive medication history of the patients. Group A consisted of the patients who had been receiving beta-blocker treatment for more than 5 years, group B comprised the patients who had been receiving calcium channel blocker treatment for more than 5 years, and the control group included the patients who had never used any hypertensive medications before. The patients who had a history of any cancers, diabetes mellitus, Paget’s disease, thyroid dysfunctions, or osteoporosis or who had received radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or any treatment for osteoporosis before were excluded from the study. Moreover, the patients with a severe pathology in their jaw region including defects, tumor, or cyst were also excluded from the study. The patients with severe maxilla resorption and the ones with insufficient distance for measurement between the sinus region and teeth roots were not included in the study.

CBCT procedure

A total of 294 dental tomography scans of male patients older than 55 years, all of whom had been performed for different indications, were evaluated. The CBCT scans were obtained and reviewed by the same radiologist with the I-Cat Vision program. The procedure began when all the scans were taken as preview screen images (Figure 1A and ​andB),B), a 1.8 mm² area was selected approximately 1 mm away from the apexes of teeth, and the molar, premolar, canine, incisor teeth, and tuber regions of maxilla (Figure 1Aand ​andB)B) and HU-statistic values were obtained from five different regions of the selected area. The exact HU-statistic measurements were obtained from the apexes of incisors (central and lateral), the apex of canine tooth, the apex of premolars, the apex of molars, and the region of tuber maxilla. Moreover, mean maxilla values were also determined via the means of these five determinants. The measurements of patients with partial loss of teeth were also achieved from the same regions.

Statistical analysis

The statistical analyses were performed using SPSS Statistics 18.0 software (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA). For the comparison variables, it was used post hoc, as they were homogeneous and the distribution was normal. Statistical significance level was accepted at P<0.05.

Results

The subjects included men older than 55 years; they had a mean age of 58 years. The radiographic characteristics of all participants are summarized in Table 1. The incisor region of maxilla (P=0.034), premolar region of maxilla (P=0.013), and mean value of maxilla (P=0.008) presented significant differences in the beta blocker and calcium channel blocker groups. The values of the beta blocker group were better than the values of the calcium channel blocker group. The values of the calcium channel blocker group were worse than the control group in all measured areas, and there was no statistically significant difference in any region between the control and study groups.

Discussion

In this study, by using CBCT, we determined significantly better BMD values on maxilla among the patients who had been receiving beta blocker treatment for at least 5 years compared with the patients who had been receiving calcium channel blockers for at least 5 years. Because osteoporosis is a very important health problem in the elderly, especially because of the increased fracture risk, the difference between these two widely used drug groups is of major importance. Moreover, osteoporosis and hypertension coexist in many patients, and the use of antihypertensive drugs could influence the potential effects of these diseases on the bones.

The effects of beta blockers on BMD have been formerly investigated in several studies. Inactivation of the sympathetic nervous system impairs osteoclastic bone resorption, and thus increases bone formation in animal models.16 The data from human studies about the effects of beta blockers on osteoporosis is almost the same. Although in some studies improvements on BMD with beta blocker treatment have been proven,17 in other studies no effects of these drugs on bone metabolism have been reported.18,19 Similarly, the effects of beta blockers on fracture risk have also been studied, and they were found to decrease fracture risk in some studies9,17 and to be ineffective in others.20,21 In a recent study, mice were intraperitoneally treated 3 days after ovariectomy, using nifedipine, telmisartan, enalapril, propranolol, or hydrochlorothiazide for 35 consecutive days. The study revealed that the use of enalapril and propranolol compared with the control group led to increased BMD loss in mice with atrophied uteri and that only thiazide and telmisartan reduced bone loss and bone fraction in mice with uterine atrophy compared with in the control group.22

Osteoporosis is the most common metabolic bone disorder. It is an important public health problem not only because of its high prevalence but also because of its main complication: increased fracture risk. Osteoporotic fracture forces a considerable health burden as a result of reduced mobility, increased requirements for hospitalization, and increased risk for mortality.23 Hypertension and osteoporosis coexist in many patients, and this coexistence has been attributed not only to the high prevalence of both diseases but also to some environmental, genetic, and dietary factors.24 Although the data in the literature about the association of hypertension with osteoporosis are controversial, recently, hypertension has been associated with increased fracture risk in patients, independent of BMD, in a study.25 In this respect, antihypertensive treatment gains more importance, and the effects of these drugs on bone metabolism should be evaluated.

Kapitan-Malinowska et al report that calcium channel blocker treatment increases serum calcium and inorganic phosphate concentrations but has no effect on bone turnover markers or BMD.26 In a study investigating whether amlodipine interferes with healing of rat alveolar bone, a 20-30% decrease in bone volume fraction in the alveolus of amlodipine-treated animals was reported, which may be a sign of decreased osteoblastic activity.27 

Takaoka et al maintained that calcium channel blocker treatment significantly increases fracture risks after adjustments for age, body mass index, serum creatinine, and blood pressure levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.10 

However, these significances disappeared after an additional adjustment for a history of falls. Accordingly, it can be concluded that calcium channel blocker treatment increases fracture risks, possibly via falls.

In our study, the patients receiving calcium channel blocker treatment provided worse values in BMD than the control group did. However, the difference was not statistically significant. When compared with beta blocker-treated patients, beta blocker treatment has significantly positive effects on bone metabolism compared with calcium channel blockers.

CBCT is a new technique with lower radiation dosages, lower costs, and faster scanning in dental imaging. In many studies, it has been used in the determination of bony structures, especially in presurgical imaging for dental implant treatment and the measurement of bone density.28,29 Yet there is still no standardized method or standardized values for the evaluation of osteoporosis with CBCT. Further studies are warranted to specify standardized values. If a standardization was established, patients who had to have a CBCT with dental indications might not need to have an extra dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurement for the evaluation of osteoporosis, and in this way, one CBCT may serve two purposes.

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in literature comparing the effects of these two groups of drugs on the bone metabolism of the jaw region with CBCT.

There are several limitations to this study. First, the blood pressures of participants were regarded as normal and stable under drug treatment. Because hypertension itself may also affect bone metabolism, the changes in blood pressures of participants may also affect our results. In contrast, drug exposure data are based on self-report of patients, though it is not the most reliable method in such research.

Conclusion

It was revealed that the BMD values on the jaw region with CBCT among patients receiving beta blocker treatment for more than 5 years provide better results compared with those seen for the patients treated with calcium channel blockers. Because hypertension and osteoporosis are two very common diseases and their coexistence is also very common, the results investigating the effects of different treatment groups gain more importance. With these results, it can be concluded that in hypertension treatment, beta blockers may be preferred to calcium channel blockers for patients at high risk for osteoporosis.

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Dicle, Diyarbakır, Turkey, for their valuable support.

Footnotes

Disclosure

The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3970919/

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Hati hati termakan ubat beracun

Hati hati makan ubat beracun

PRODUK-PRODUK YANG DICEMARI DENGAN BAHAN RACUN BERJADUAL, UBAT UBAT BARAT DAN BAHAN TERKAWAL YANG TIDAK DIISYTIHARKAN

http://www.moh.gov.bn/SiteCollectionDocuments/PDF/Banned%20Medicinal%20Products%20Feb%202016.pdf

Produk-produk yang tersenarai di dalam buku ini adalah produk-produk yang dilarang penggunaannya di Negara Brunei Darussalam disebabkan ianya didapati dicemari dengan bahan racun berjadual, ubat barat atau bahan terkawal yang tidak diisytiharkan.

Kementerian Kesihatan tidak pernah mengeluarkan kebenaran ke atas pengimportan dan penjualan produk-produk tersebut. Sehubungan dengan pencemaran ini, produk-produk berkenaan adalah dilarang untuk diimport, dijual dan digunakan di negara ini.

Orang ramai yang terlibat dalam penjualan produk-produk tersebut (termasuk penjualan secara online seperti melalui Facebook dan sebagainya) adalah diingatkan bahawa ianya adalah menjadi satu kesalahan di bawah Akta Racun 1956 untuk menjual mana-mana produk yang mengandungi bahan yang dikawal di bawah Akta berkenaan dan boleh dikenakan denda sebanyak $ 8,000 atau penjara enam bulan, jika didapati bersalah. Tambahan pula, jika seseorang melakukan sesuatu di atas kecuaiannya sendiri yang membahayakan atau mungkin membahayakan nyawa manusia, jika dia dapati bersalah, akan didenda sebanyak $ 16,000 dan duabelas (12) bulan penjara.

Orang ramai yang telah membeli atau memakan produk-produk tersebut adalah dinasihatkan untuk memberhentikan pengambilannya dengan serta merta. Jika mereka mengalami kesan advers dan merasa tidak sihat selepas memakan produk-produk berkenaan, hendaklah berjumpa doktor dengan segera.

Kementerian Kesihatan juga ingin memohon kerjasama dari orang ramai untuk melaporkan kepada Bahagian Penguatkuasaan Farmasi jika mendapati produk-produk berkenaan masih dipasarkan di negara ini.

Untuk senarai yang terkini bolehlah menghubungi Bahagian Penguatkuasaan Farmasi atau menyemak laman web Kementerian Kesihatan Brunei Darussalam. Senarai produk-produk ini akan sentiasa dikemaskini dari masa ke semasa.

Untuk maklumat lanjut atau senarai yang terkini, orang ramai boleh menyemak laman web Kementerian Kesihatan Negara Brunei Darussalam atau menghubungi Bahagian Penguatkuasaan Farmasi melalui talian telefon 2393298 sambungan 208, menghantar emel kepada pharmacy.enforcement@moh.gov.bn atau berjumpa terus Pegawai Penguatkuasaan Farmasi di Tingkat 1, Bangunan Jabatan Perkhidmatan Farmasi, Simpang 433, Lebuhraya Rimba, Kg Madaras, Negara Brunei Darussalam.

Bahan-bahan pencemar yang sering didapati dalam produk-produk kesihatan

Bahan-bahan pencemar yang didapati di dalam produk-produk kesihatan yang dilarang boleh menyebabkan kesan-kesan mudarat yang membahayakan kesihatan.Berikut adalah sebahagian daripada bahan-bahan pencemar yang sering di kesan di dalam produk-produk kesihatan.

Acetaminophen / Paracetamol

Acetaminophen adalah juga dikenali sebagai Paracetamol. Ia boleh diambil untuk rawatansendiri (self-medication) tetapi apabila perubatan tradisional tidak diisytiharkan mengandungi acetaminophen/paracetamol, pengambilannya yang berlebihan tanpa disedari boleh membawa kepada kerosakan hati, kegagalan buah pinggang, koma dan akhirnya kematian.

Aminopyrine Atau Dipyrone

Aminopyrine atau Dipyrone adalah bahan untuk ubat penahan sakit (pain killers) yang mempunyai risiko tinggi dalam menyebabkan penyakit darah yang serius. Ini juga mengakibatkan sistem imunisasi badan berkurangan dan seterusnya menyebabkan jangkitan teruk dan boleh membawa maut.

Azaleic Acid

Produk yang mengandungi azelaic acid adalah digunakan untuk merawat masalah jerawat dan rosacea dan juga adalah dilarang sebagai bahan di dalam produk kosmetik. Produk yang mengandungi azelaic acid hanya boleh digunakan di bawah pengawasan doktor. Penggunaan azelaic acid tanpa pengawasan boleh menyebabkan bahagian kulit yang disapu akan mengalami rasa terbakar, pedih, kering, mengelupas dan kemerahan.

Bisacodyl

Bisacodyl adalah ubat yang dimakan untuk merawat sembelit.Penggunaannya tanpa pengawasan boleh menyebabkan kekejangan perut, merasa mual, muntah-muntah, ciritbirit dan hypokalaemia (tahap potassium yang rendah).

Chlorpheniramine

Chlorpheniramine adalah ubat dalam kategori anti-histamine. Penggunaanya tanpa pengawasan boleh menyebabkan kesan-kesan advers seperti pening, tekanan darah menurun, denyutan jantung yang tidak menentu, kekeliruan, kemurungan dan sawan adalah antara yang boleh terhasil dari penggunaan chlorpheniramine.

Cyproheptadine

Cyproheptadine digunakan untuk melegakan gejala-gejala alahan yang mana ianya mempunyai beberapa kesan advers termasuk merasa mengantuk, kelemahan otot, tekanan darah menurun, kabur penglihatan, kemurungan, meningkat selera makan dan menambah berat badan.

Dexamethasone Dan Prednisone

Dexamethasone dan Prednisone adalah kortokosteroid yang mana penggunaannya secara berpanjangan tanpa pengawasan boleh menyebabkan peningkatan paras glukosa dalam darah yang mengakibatkan kencing manis, tekanan darah tinggi, katarak, penyakit otot dan tulang, serta meningkatkan risiko jangkitan yang teruk.

Penggunaan kortikosteroid dalam jangka panjang juga boleh mengakibatkan Cushing’s syndrome yang mana dicirikan dengan muka bulat atau moon face, serta kegemukkan pada bahagian badan dengan anggota tangan dan kaki yang kecil.

Pengambilan dos steroid yang tinggi dalam tempoh yang lama menyebabkan pengguna mengalami gejala keletihan, sakit otot dan sendi, demam, kadar gula dalam darah rendah, tekanan darah rendah dan dehidrasi.

Hydroquinone

Hydroquinone adalah bahan yang lazimnya digunakan untuk merawat penyakit kulit. Bahan ini adalah dikawal di bawah Peraturan Ubat (Produk Kosmetik), 2007 di mana Hydroquinone adalah dilarang dalam produk kosmetik yang digunakan bagi penjagaan kulit.

Penggunaan hydroquinone tanpa pengawasan boleh menyebabkan hipersensitiviti pada kulit, perubahan kepada warna kulit yang menyebabkan kulit secara beransur-ansur menjadi kehitaman, dan meningkatnya risiko kanser kulit.

Lidocaine

Lidocaine adalah sejenis anaesthesia (ubat bius) yang mana kesan sampingannya adalah pening, kebas, kekeliruan, masalah pernafasan, tekanan darah menurun, degupan jantung yang perlahan dan hipersensitiviti.

Mercury

Tahap mercury yang tinggi atau pendedahan yang kerap boleh meyebabkan kulit kebas, sakit kepala, ruam, perubahan warna kulit serta kerosakan pada buah pinggang dan sistem saraf. Anak damit dan kanak-kanak kecil boleh terdedah dengan kesan sampingan penggunaan mercury; yang boleh menggangu perkembangan otak kanak-kanak yang masih kecil atau anak damit yang belum dilahirkan.

Phenolphthalein

Phenolphthalein adalah sejenis bahan yang pernah digunakan dalam rawatan sembelit akan tetapi penggunaannya sekarang telah dilarang kerana ianya boleh mengakibatkan barah. Penggunaan berpanjangan boleh mengakibatkan cirit-birit serta kehilangan air dan mineral dari badan secara berlebihan.

Phenobarbital

Phenobarbital adalah sejenis barbiturate yang digunakan untuk mengawal penyakit sawan. Pengambilan phenobarbital tanpa pengawasan boleh menyebabkan kesan advers yang serius seperti tekanan darah yang rendah, ataxia, gangguan pada tingkah laku, cepat meradang, kemurungan, kelesuan, halusinasi, alahan pada kulit, hiperaktif terutamanya pada kanak-kanak dan orang tua.

Phenylbutazone, Piroxicam Dan Diclofenac

Penggunaan Phenylbutazone, Piroxicam dan Diclofenac tanpa pengawasan boleh menyebabkan ulser peptik, pendarahan gastro-usus, loya, muntah-muntah, ruam kulit, kabur penglihatan, edema, penyakit kuning dan kegagalan buah pinggang. Phenylbutazone juga sering dikaitkan dengan kesan sampingan yang teruk seperti penyakit darah yang serius.

Salicylic Acid

Salicylic Acid adalah bahan yang boleh digunakan dalam produk kosmetik tetapi dalam had dan kondisi yang dibenarkan seperti yang ditetapkan didalam Perintah Ubat (Produk Kosmetik). Penggunaan produk yang mengandungi salicylic acid dengan tahap yang tinggi boleh mengakibatkan kulit terasa gatal, kering dan merah.

Sibutramine

Sibutramine adalah agen pelangsing badan yang tidak lagi disarankan penggunaannya dalam rawatan obesiti kerana kesannya yang boleh memudaratkan jantung dan hati. Pengambilan sibutramine juga boleh menyebabkan kesan advers yang serius seperti tekanan darah tinggi, denyutan jantung yang tidak menentu dan sukar untuk tidur; dan dalam kes-kes yang paling teruk, ianya boleh menyebabkan kerosakan pada buah pinggang dan hati.

Sildenafil, Tadalafil dan Vardanafil

Sildenafil, Tadalafil atau Vardanafil adalah ubat yang digunakan untuk merawat mati pucuk yang mana pengambilannya memerlukan preskripsi doktor. Antara kesan-kesan sampingan apabila memakan ubat-ubat tersebut ialah merasa mual, muntah-muntah, muka kemerahan dan pening. Dalam kes-kes yang teruk, ia juga boleh menyebabkan peningkatan yang luar biasa dalam degupan jantung, kehilangan pendengaran secara tiba-tiba dan sawan.

Simvastatin

Simvastatin adalah merupakan sejenis ubat yang digunakan untuk menurunkan paras kolesterol dalam darah. Pengambilan simvastatin tanpa pengawasan boleh menyebabkan kesan sampingan seperti sakit kepala, loya, sembelit, gatal/ruam, keletihan, gangguan tidur, tekanan, gangguan pada fungsi normal hati, sakit pada otot dan pada kes yang jarang berlaku, ianya juga boleh menyebabkan pecahan pada tisu-tisu otot yang boleh membawa kepada kerosakan pada buah pinggang.

Spirinolactone

Spironolactone adalah sejenis diuretik potassium-sparing yang digunakan untuk merawat tekanan darah tinggi, kegagalan jantung kengesif dan lebihan kandungan air dalam badan. Penggunaan spironolactone tanpa pengawasan boleh menyebabkan kesan sampingan seperti kerosakan pada hati, kekeliruan, pening, loya-loya, keletihan, gangguan pada kitaran haid, paras potasium yang meningkat dalam darah yang menyebabkan degupan jantung tidak menentu dan ruam pada kulit hingga menyebabkan kemerah-merahan dan melepuh pada bahagian lain badan (dinamakan sebagai sindrom Stevens-Johnson).

Theophylline

Theophylline adalah ubat yang digunakan dalam rawatan asma dan mempunyai kesankesan advers seperti merasa mual, muntah, iritasi pada perut, cirit-birit, degupan jantung yang tidak teratur, peningkatan kadar jantung yang tidak normal, susah tidur dan sawan.

Topiramate

Topiramate adalah ubat yang hanya boleh didapati melalui preskripsi doktor untuk merawat penyakit sawan. Antara kesan-kesan sampingan pengambilan topiramate adalah merasa loya, sakit bahagian perut, cirit-birit, keletihan, mengantuk, sukar untuk tidur dan kemurungan.

Tretinoin

Tretinoin adalah bahan yang digunakan dalam ubat-ubatan yang memerlukan preskripsi bagi merawat penyakit kulit dan ianya dilarang sebagai bahan di dalam produk kosmetik penjagaan kulit di bawah Peraturan Ubat (Produk Kosmetik). Penggunaan tretinoin yang tidak betul boleh menyebabkan kulit yang disapu menjadi kemerahan, mengelupas dan parut pada kulit.

PRODUK UNTUK RHEUMATISM, MELEGAKAN SAKIT, SEJAHAN YANG DILARANG PENGGUNAANNYA DI NEGARA BRUNEI DARUSSALAM

PRODUK UNTUK RHEUMATISM, MELEGAKAN SAKIT, SEJAHAN YANG DILARANG PENGGUNAANNYA DI NEGARA BRUNEI DARUSSALAM
NO	NAMA PRODUK	PENGILANG / PENGEDAR	DICEMARI DENGAN
1	357 Nasal Spray	Qiandongan Liqaqing Tec Co Ltd China	Dexamethasone
2	Air Ikan Haruan	Perniagaan Jasa Sykt Mulia Setiawan, Perak	Dexamethasone
3	Al-Taqwa Juice Skyline Sihat dan Kuat	Al-Mubarak Medical, Saudi Arabia	Dexamethasone
4	Akar Ginseng	PJ Yogatama, Indonesia	Paracetamol
5	Amargo Jaya Gemuk Sehat Serbuk	Mujur Jaya PJ, Cilacap	Paracetamol & Phenylbutazone
6	Amuraten	PT Herba International, Indonesia	Dexamethason, Piroxicam & Paracetamol
7	Antanan Kapsul	Tiara Cipta Usaha PJ	Paracetamol, Phenylbutazone & Dexamethasone
8	Antanan Kapsul	Tiara Cipta Usaha, Indonesia	Phenylbutazone & Dexamethasone
9	Antik Kaplet	Serbuk Manjur Jaya PJ, Cilacap	Phenylbutazone
10	Armatik Serbuk	Delapan Dewa PJ. Cilacap	Paracetamol & Phenylbutazone
11	Asam Urat Cap Unta Serbuk	Unta Mas PJ, Cilacap	Phenylbutazone
12	Asam Urat Citra Madura Kapsul	Citra Fajar Sehat PT, Surabaya	Paracetamol
13	Asam Urat Jamur Mas	PT Gading Oci Purnama Setya, Indonesia	Phenylbutazone & Dexamethasone
14	Asam Urat Flu	Tulang Cikunguya Cap Suramadu PJ. Suramadu, Indonesia	Paracetamol
15	Asam Urat Nyeri Tulang Pengapuran Buah Merah	PJ Buah Alam Papua Indonesia	Paracetamol
16	Asam Urat Sangat Manjur	PJ Jaya Asli, Cilacap Indonesia	Phenylbutazone
17	Asam Urat dan Pengapuran Buah Naga Tunggal Jaya	P.J Andy Jaya Indonesia / PT SM Jaya Indonesia	Phenylbutazone
18	Asam Urat Flu Tulang Cap Kijang Kencana Serbuk	Sehat Segar Supra PJ, Cilacap	Methampyrone
19	Asam Urat Flu Tulang Kapsul	Kopja Sabuk Kuning,Banyumas	Phenylbutazone
68	Flu Tulang Tablet Untuk Pria Dan Wanita	Nusantara Buana Surya, Jakarta-Indonesia	Phenylbutazone & Acetaminophen
69	Flu Tulang Sido Waras	Tidak diketahui	Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine & Dexametahasone
71	Fukuwan	Shanghai Export & Import Product	Dexamethasone
80	Glaxi Rheumatic Cap USA Lincon	Nebraska	Dexamethasone
81	Hu Ku Wan	Tientsin Medical Manufactory Co. China	Dexamethasone
82	Huo Li Bao	Shen Loon She Enterprise Sdn Bhd, Penang, Malaysia	Chlorpheniramine, Frusemide & Piroxicam
91	Jamu Surut Ayu	PJ Air Madu, Indonesia	Lidocaine
106	Kapsul Gaut (Asam Urat)	Ustaz Mustafa, Malaysia	Phenylbutazone & Dexamethasone
119	. Majun Dua Istimewa (Yellow Label)	Malaysia	Dexamethasone, Griseofulvin & Etophylline
208	SALOMA ZARA-Ultimate Skin Perfection-PEARL DAY CREAM SPF 30	Saloma Zara Spa & Beauty	Merkuri
241	Qu Puteh Kosmetik-Whitening Pro 9	Distributed by Vida Beauty Sdn Bhd Wisma Vida Beauty, Block C-G-5, Jalan Dato Seri Ahmad Said, Greentown Suria, 30450, Ipoh, Perak	Mercury
242	Qu Puteh Kosmetik-Whitening UV Block	Distributed by Vida Beauty Sdn Bhd Wisma Vida Beauty, Block C-G-5, Jalan Dato Seri Ahmad Said, Greentown Suria, 30450, Ipoh, Perak	Mercury

Senarainya ada banyak lagi weh ....

Sila Klik Pautan di atas atau pautan di bawah

http://www.moh.gov.bn/SiteCollectionDocuments/PDF/Banned%20Medicinal%20Products%20Feb%202016.pdf

Terima Kasih

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