Agen Biologi 6

Potential of selected indigenous plant extracts as botanical pesticides for controlling golden apple snail, pomacea Canaliculata

https://uitm.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/potential-of-selected-indigenous-plant-extracts-as-botanical-pest

The Golden apple snail (GAS), Pomacea canaliculata is a freshwater snail which is also a major rice pest in Asia. It causes severe damages by completely eliminating the young leaves and stems of rice seedlings from plant bases which results in the death of damaged seedlings.

The eight medium sized of GAS ranges 25 mm in shell height per square meter can reduce tiller numbers by 98%, 30 days after transplanting, with broadly corresponding reductions in yield.

Damages in direct sown rice seedlings will be greater compared with transplanted seedlings.

Farmers commonly rely on commercial available synthetic molluscicides for immediate control of GAS, without considering the toxic hazards towards themselves and non-target organisms.

Uncontrolled used of excessive synthetic molluscicides also build up resistance level towards GAS. Botanical pesticides are an excellent alternative to synthetic pesticides to reduce negative impacts towards human health and the environment.

Botanical pesticides are naturally occurring derived from chemical extracted from potential plants. About 247 families from 2500 plants have the role of secondary metabolites to protect themselves from pests and diseases due to its chemical compound, which caused mortality to pest, repellency, antifeedents and insect growth regulatory activities.

An objective of this study are to quantify an active compound from selected indigenous plants and to impetus a potential plant extracts from selected indigenous plants using bioassay and antifeedant test that responsible in controlling GAS.

Identification for the active chemical compound in selected indigenous plants (Carica papaya, Artocarpus integer, Curcuma longa and Cymbopogon citratus) to act as botanical pesticides against GAS will reveal the phytochemical compounds that responsible as botanical pesticides.

These will also exposed the potential of selected plant extracts using bioassay test and antifeedant activity that is responsible in controlling GAS.

Phytochemical screening using quantification methods were used to detect the active compounds in selected indigenous plants.

The results obtained from bioassay test showed that methanol extracts of Carica papaya gave a higher mortality towards GAS within 48 hours with LC50 (18.5 g/L), followed in order by ethanol extracts of Curcuma longa (23.0 g/L) and methanol extracts Cymbopogon citratus (30.5 g/L).

High antifeedant activities of GAS were imposed by ethanol extracts of Artocarpus integer with LC50 (25.7 g/L) when compared with other extracts.

Thus, this study showed that methanol extracts of Carica papaya and Cymbopogon citratus are more susceptible to be used as botanical pesticides for controlling GAS and ethanol extracts of Artocarpus integer have potential to be used as an agent for repellency towards GAS.