Pesticides sebabkan barah kanak2
There are a variety of reasons to believe
that childhood cancer may be linked to pesticides. The forms of childhood
cancer linked to exposure to pesticides by the child, or the parent, or both
include leukemia, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, Wilms tumor, Ewing’s sarcoma, and
soft tissue sarcoma.
Carcinogenic pesticides are still
used
Many pesticides that have been
found to cause cancer are still in use. For example, a 1990 review
reported that 24 of the 51 pesticides found by the National Toxicology Program
to be carcinogenic in laboratory animals were still in use (1). By 1997, 8 of 26 pesticides
classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer to have
"sufficient" evidence to be considered carcinogenic were still
registered for use on crops in the US (1).
Studies Show Links Between
Pesticide Use and Childhood Cancer
A Norwegian study of a large
population of rural residents found that pesticide use was associated with
cancer in young children of less then five years of age (2). Participation in
horticulture and pesticides use was also associated with Wilms
tumor, non-Hodgkin’s
lymphoma, retinoblastoma (eye cancer), and neuroblastoma.
Two recent reviews have analyzed
studies of pesticide exposure and cancer in children. Sheila Zahm and
Mary Ward reviewed 18 studies (1).
Of these, 17 were case-control
studies.
Most research has focused on the
most common kinds of cancer in children – leukemia and brain
cancer.
Most of the studies of pesticide
exposure and leukemia show increased risks for children whose parents used
pesticides at home or worked at jobs that required pesticide use (1). Some of the highest risks
were when mothers were exposed to pesticides at work (3).
For brain cancer, the majority of
relevant studies reported increased risk associated with pesticide exposure (1). The highest risks were
associated with use of pesticides in the home or garden. Most studies
reported that risks were higher for prenatal exposure.
For non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma,
though there are fewer relevant studies, the results do suggest that pesticide
exposure may be linked to the disease in children (1). One study found increased
risk for children born to mothers who used pesticides in the home and for
children living him homes where extermination had been done (3).
There is some evidence linking
pesticide use to Wilms
tumor and Ewings
sarcoma (1).
Other forms of childhood cancer
have received even less study.
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