COVID-19 found in air samples up to 13 feet
from patients
April 11, 2020
WASHINGTON, United States — A new study examining air samples
from hospital wards with COVID-19 patients has found the virus can travel up to
13 feet (four meters) -- twice the distance current guidelines say people
should leave between themselves in public.
The preliminary results of the investigation by Chinese
researchers were published Friday in Emerging Infectious Diseases, a journal of
the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
They add to a growing debate on how the disease is transmitted,
with the scientists themselves cautioning that the small quantities of virus
they found at this distance are not necessarily infectious.
The researchers, led by a team at the Academy of Military
Medical Sciences in Beijing, tested surface and air samples from an
intensive care unit and a general COVID-19 ward at Huoshenshan Hospital in
Wuhan. They housed a total of 24 patients between February 19 and March 2.
They found that the virus was most heavily concentrated on the
floors of the wards, "perhaps because of gravity and air flow causing most
virus droplets to float to the ground."
High levels were also found on frequently touched surfaces like
computer mice, trashcans, bed rails and door knobs.
"Furthermore, half of the samples from the soles of the ICU
medical staff shoes tested positive," the team wrote. "Therefore, the
soles of medical staff shoes might function as carriers."
Airborne threat?
The team also looked at so-called aerosol transmission -- when
the droplets of the virus are so fine they become suspended and remain airborne
for several hours, unlike cough or sneeze droplets that fall to the ground
within seconds.
They found that virus-laden aerosols were mainly concentrated
near and downstream from patients at up to 13 feet -- though smaller quantities
were found upstream, up to eight feet.
Encouragingly, no members of the hospital staff were infected,
"indicating that appropriate precautions could effectively prevent
infection," the authors wrote.
They also offered advice that bucks orthodox guidelines:
"Our findings suggest that home isolation of persons with suspected
COVID-19 might not be a good control strategy" given the levels of
environmental contamination.
Aerosolization of the coronavirus is a contentious area for
scientists who study it, because it is not clear how infectious the disease is
in the tiny quantities found in ultrafine mist.
The World Health Organization has so far downplayed the risk.
US health authorities have adopted a more cautious line and
urged people to cover their faces when out in public in case the virus can be
transmitted through normal breathing and speaking.
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