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STATEMENTS FROM EUROPEAN HEALTH, WATER, & ENVIRONMENT AUTHORITIES ON WATER FLUORIDATION
most
of the western world, including the vast majority of western
Europe, does not fluoridate its water supply.
At present, 97% of the
western European population drinks non-fluoridated water. This includes:
Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, Northern Ireland, Norway, Portugal, Scotland, Sweden,
Switzerland, and approximately 90% of both the United Kingdom and Spain. Wikipedia confirms that these countries
don’t fluoridate: Croatia, Estonia, Hungary, Iceland, and Latvia. Although some
of these countries fluoridate their salt, the majority do not. (The only
western European countries that allow salt fluoridation are Austria, France,
Germany, Spain, and Switzerland.)
Despite foregoing “one
of the top ten public health achievements of the twentieth century,” tooth decay rates have declined in Europe
as precipitously over the past 50 years as they have in the United States.
This raises serious questions about the CDC’s assertion that the decline of
tooth decay in the United States since the 1950s is largely attributable to the
advent of water fluoridation.
Austria:
“Toxic fluorides have
never been added to the public water supplies in Austria.”
SOURCE: M. Eisenhut, Head of Water Department, Osterreichische Yereinigung fur das Gas-und Wasserfach Schubertring 14, A-1015 Wien, Austria, February 17, 2000.
Belgium:
“This water treatment
has never been of use in Belgium and will never be (we hope so) into the
future. The main reason for that is the fundamental position of the drinking
water sector that it is not its task to deliver medicinal treatment to people.
This is the sole responsibility of health services.”
SOURCE: Chr. Legros, Directeur, Belgaqua, Brussels, Belgium, February 28, 2000.
SOURCE: Chr. Legros, Directeur, Belgaqua, Brussels, Belgium, February 28, 2000.
Denmark:
“We are pleased to
inform you that according to the Danish Ministry of Environment and Energy,
toxic fluorides have never been added to the public water supplies.
Consequently, no Danish city has ever been fluoridated.”
SOURCE: Klaus Werner, Royal Danish Embassy, Washington DC, December 22, 1999.
To
read the Danish Ministry of the Environment’s reasons for banning
fluoridation, click here.
Finland:
“We do not favor or
recommend fluoridation of drinking water. There are better ways of providing
the fluoride our teeth need.”
SOURCE: Paavo Poteri, Acting Managing Director, Helsinki Water, Finland, February 7, 2000.
“Artificial fluoridation of drinking water supplies has been
practiced in Finland only in one town, Kuopio, situated in eastern Finland and
with a population of about 80,000 people (1.6% of the Finnish population).
Fluoridation started in 1959 and finished in 1992 as a result of the resistance
of local population. The most usual grounds for the resistance presented in
this context were an individual’s right to drinking water without additional
chemicals used for the medication of limited population groups. A concept of
“force-feeding” was also mentioned.
Drinking water
fluoridation is not prohibited in Finland but no municipalities have turned out
to be willing to practice it. Water suppliers, naturally, have always been
against dosing of fluoride chemicals into water.”
SOURCE: Leena Hiisvirta, M.Sc., Chief Engineer, Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, Finland, January 12, 1996.
France:
“Fluoride chemicals are
not included in the list [of ‘chemicals for drinking water treatment’]. This is
due to ethical as well as medical considerations.”
SOURCE: Louis Sanchez, Directeur de la Protection de l’Environment, August 25, 2000.
Germany:
“Generally, in Germany
fluoridation of drinking water is forbidden. The relevant German law allows
exceptions to the fluoridation ban on application. The argumentation of the
Federal Ministry of Health against a general permission of fluoridation of
drinking water is the problematic nature of compuls[ory] medication.”
SOURCE: Gerda Hankel-Khan, Embassy of Federal Republic of Germany, September 16, 1999.
Luxembourg:
“Fluoride has never been
added to the public water supplies in Luxembourg. In our views, the drinking
water isn’t the suitable way for medicinal treatment and that people needing an
addition of fluoride can decide by their own to use the most appropriate way,
like the intake of fluoride tablets, to cover their [daily] needs.”
SOURCE: Jean-Marie RIES, Head, Water Department, Administration De L’Environment, May 3, 2000.
Netherlands:
4.2.5
– Feasibility of implementation in the Netherlands
The implementation of fluoridation of drinking water is practically feasible, by adding a controlled dose of a fluoride compound to the drinking water. This could be realized at relatively low cost. On the other hand, there are also several major barriers for implementation. In the first place, at present the addition of chemicals to drinking water is prohibited by law in the Netherlands. This law came into effect because it was widely perceived that drinking water should not be used as a vehicle for pharmaceuticals. Furthermore, fluoridation of drinking water would conflict with the freedom to choose for natural drinking water. This principle of freedom of choice is considered as an important basic principle in the Netherlands.
The implementation of fluoridation of drinking water is practically feasible, by adding a controlled dose of a fluoride compound to the drinking water. This could be realized at relatively low cost. On the other hand, there are also several major barriers for implementation. In the first place, at present the addition of chemicals to drinking water is prohibited by law in the Netherlands. This law came into effect because it was widely perceived that drinking water should not be used as a vehicle for pharmaceuticals. Furthermore, fluoridation of drinking water would conflict with the freedom to choose for natural drinking water. This principle of freedom of choice is considered as an important basic principle in the Netherlands.
SOURCE: 2007 – RIVM report 270091004/2007 for the Dutch Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sports. Title of report: Economic evaluation of prevention: further evidence.
Northern Ireland:
“The water supply in
Northern Ireland has never been artificially fluoridated except in 2 small
localities where fluoride was added to the water for about 30 years up to last
year. Fluoridation ceased at these locations for operational reasons. At this
time, there are no plans to commence fluoridation of water supplies in Northern
Ireland.”
SOURCE: C.J. Grimes, Department for Regional Development, Belfast, November 6, 2000.
Norway:
“In Norway we had a
rather intense discussion on this subject some 20 years ago, and the conclusion
was that drinking water should not be fluoridated.”
SOURCE: Truls Krogh & Toril Hofshagen, Folkehelsa Statens institutt for folkeheise (National Institute of Public Health) Oslo, Norway, March 1, 2000.
Sweden:
“Drinking water
fluoridation is not allowed in Sweden…New scientific documentation or changes
in dental health situation that could alter the conclusions of the Commission
have not been shown.”
SOURCE: Gunnar Guzikowski, Chief Government Inspector, Livsmedels Verket — National Food Administration Drinking Water Division, Sweden, February 28, 2000.
See
statement by Dr. Arvid Carlsson, the Nobel Laureate in
Medicine, who helped lead the campaign to prevent fluoridation in Sweden in the
late 1970s.
Czech Republic:
“Since 1993, drinking water has not been treated with fluoride
in public water supplies throughout the Czech Republic. Although fluoridation
of drinking water has not actually been proscribed it is not under
consideration because this form of supplementation is considered:
·
uneconomical (only 0.54% of
water suitable for drinking is used as such; the remainder is employed for
hygiene etc. Furthermore, an increasing amount of consumers (particularly
children) are using bottled water for drinking (underground water usually with
fluor)
·
unecological (environmental
load by a foreign substance)
·
unethical (“forced medication”)
·
toxicologically and
physiologically debateable (fluoridation represents an untargeted form of
supplementation which disregards actual individual intake and requirements and
may lead to excessive health-threatening intake in certain population groups;
[and] complexation of fluor in water into non biological active forms of
fluor.”
SOURCE: Dr. B. Havlik, Ministerstvo Zdravotnictvi Ceske Republiky, October 14, 1999.
UPDATES
May
2007: A study of European public opinion on water fluoridation,
published in the journal Community
Dentistry & Oral Epidemiology, reports that the “vast majority
of people opposed water fluoridation.” According to the study, Europeans
opposed fluoridation for the following reasons:
“Many felt dental health was an issue to be
dealt with at the level of the individual, rather than a solution to be imposed
en masse. While people accepted that some children were not encouraged to brush
their teeth, they proposed other solutions to addressing these needs rather
than having a solution of unproved safety imposed on them by public health
authorities whom they did not fully trust. They did not see why they should
accept potential side effects in order that a minority may benefit. In
particular, water was something that should be kept as pure as possible, even
though it was recognized that it already contains many additives.” (See study summary)
November
2004: After months of consulation, Scotland – which is currently
unfluoridated – rejected plans to add fluoride to the nation’s water. Instead
they have embarked on a successful prevention program called Childsmile.
April
9, 2003: The City Parliament of Basel,
Switzerland voted 73 to 23 to stop Basel’s 41 year water
fluoridation program. Basel was the only city in Switzerland to fluoridate its
water, and the only city in continental western Europe, outside of a few areas
in Spain.
Quick Facts:
·
Most developed
nations do not fluoridate their water. In western Europe, for
example, only
3% of the population consumes fluoridated water.
·
While 25 countries have water
fluoridation programs, 11 of these countries have less than 20% of their
population consuming fluoridated water: Argentina (19%), Guatemala (13%),
Panama (15%), Papa New Guinea (6%), Peru (2%), Serbia (3%), Spain (11%), South
Korea (6%), the United Kingdom (11%), and Vietnam (4%).
·
Only 11 countries in the world
have more than 50% of their population drinking fluoridated
water: Australia (80%), Brunei (95%); Chile (70%), Guyana (62%), Hong Kong
(100%), the Irish Republic (73%), Israel (70%), Malaysia (75%), New Zealand
(62%), Singapore (100%), and the United States (64%).
·
In total, 377,655,000 million
people worldwide drink artificially fluoridated water. This represents 5% of
the world’s population.
·
There are more people drinking
fluoridated water in the United States than the rest of the world combined.
·
There is no difference in tooth decay between
western nations that fluoridate their water and those that do not.
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